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WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
CHAPTER COMM 10 FLAMMABLE, COMBUSTIBLE AND HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS
SUBCHAPTER III -- SPECIFIC TANK STORAGE APPLICATIONS
Date:
08/31/2009
Document:
Wis. Adm. Code Comm 10.350 (2011)
Comm 10.350 Hazardous substances
(1) SCOPE AND APPLICATION. (a) General. 1. The requirements of this section apply to tanks that store, handle or use liquids which are federally regulated hazardous substances, in any concentration of 1 percent or more by volume, for the purpose of protecting the waters of the state from contamination.
Note: The list of federally regulated hazardous substances covered in this subchapter, also known as the CERCLA List, is located in 40 CFR 302.4, Table 302.4.
Note: Other sections of this chapter regulate the storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids. Chapter Comm 14 -- the Wisconsin Fire Prevention Code, through the adoption of NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code TM also regulates the storage and use of liquids that have properties such as being flammable, combustible, toxic, water reactive, explosive, and corrosive.
2. Liquids within the scope of subd. 1. that are flammable or combustible shall also meet the requirements of this chapter which apply to flammable or combustible liquids.
(b) Exemptions. The requirements of this section do not apply to any of the following:
1. Hazardous waste storage tanks that are licensed under s. 291.25, Stats., except any tank containing a flammable or combustible mixture of hazardous wastes regulated under that section, and other liquids, is not exempt from this chapter.
2. Aboveground tanks which are used to store a federally regulated hazardous substance and which have a capacity of less than 5,000 gallons, and transfer operations involving these tanks, unless the substance is flammable or combustible.
Note: Section Comm 10.140 requires registration with the Department for all aboveground storage tanks that have a capacity of 5000 gallons or more and all underground tanks, unless the stored substance is nonflammable and noncombustible, and has a concentration of less than 1 percent by volume.
3. Accumulator tanks, process tanks or service tanks.
4. Portable tanks containing liquids that are not flammable or combustible.
5. Tanks regulated under, and maintained in compliance with the rules in 40 CFR 430.03.
Note: 40 CFR 430.03 is entitled "Best Management Practices for Spent Pulping Liquor, Soap, and Turpentine Management, Spill Prevention and Control."
(2) TANK SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. (a) General. 1. Design, construction and maintenance of tank systems for the storage of federally regulated hazardous substances shall be in accordance with good engineering practices and this chapter and shall be under the supervision of a qualified engineer, except as provided in subd. 2.
2. Construction supervision by a qualified engineer is not required where all of the following occur:
a. Plans for the tank system are approved by an authorized agent or the department.
b. Construction is by a certified installer.
c. An authorized agent or the department inspects and accepts the construction.
(b) Notification. The qualified engineer shall notify the department, on form ERS--9198, of an impending installation of a tank system under this section, unless this notice is provided under s. Comm 10.115 (2) (b) 3.
(c) Testing. All new tanks and pipe systems shall have pressure or vacuum testing that shall assure that all components and connections are tight, in a manner equivalent to the protocol and parameters specified in NFPA 30 section 21.5 and PEI RP 100 sections 11 and 14, before the tanks and pipe systems are placed into service.
(d) Qualified engineer. 1. The qualified engineer responsible for design and oversight of construction of federally regulated hazardous substance liquid storage tank systems under this chapter shall meet the requirements of this paragraph.
2. The qualified engineer shall be competent in the engineering methods for designing and installing hazardous liquid tank systems.
3. The qualified engineer shall be a registered professional engineer, unless one of the exemptions in s. 443.14, Stats., applies.
Note: A list of exemptions where the qualified engineer is not required to be a registered architect or professional engineer in accordance with section 443.14 of the Statutes is available by accessing the Department's Web site at www.commerce.wi.gov, and searching under storage tank regulation, for technical guidance.
(3) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKS. Storage tanks shall meet all of the following requirements:
(a) Structural. Tanks shall have a stable foundation, under all operating conditions, and be of sufficient structural strength to withstand normal handling and use.
(b) Chemical compatibility. Tanks shall be chemically compatible with the substance being stored.
(c) Wear, vibration, shock and corrosion. Tanks shall be protected from failure due to internal and external wear, vibration, shock and corrosion.
(d) Fire, heat, vacuum and pressure. Tanks shall be protected from fire, heat, vacuum and pressure that might cause tank failure.
(e) Collision protection. Tanks that are subject to vehicle collision shall be protected from collision damage by vehicles and equipment.
(f) Fiberglass--reinforced plastic. If fiberglass--reinforced plastic material is used, the material shall be of sufficient density and strength to form a hard, impermeable shell that will not crack, wick, wear, soften or separate under normal service conditions.
(g) National standards. Tanks shall be designed, constructed and installed or certified by a qualified engineer in accordance with a standard, recognized by the department, that is developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory.
Note: Examples of recognized standards include NACE RP 0178 -- Fabrication Details, Surface Finish Requirements, and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks and Vessels to Be Lined for Immersion Service; UL 142 -- Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids; API 620 -- Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low--Pressure Storage Tanks; API 650 -- Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage; ULC--S601-2000 -- Aboveground Horizontal Shop--Fabricated Steel Tanks; ULC--S630-1993 -- Aboveground Vertical Shop--Fabricated Steel Tanks; ASTM D 4097 -- Standard Specification for Contact--Molded Glass--Fiber--Reinforced Thermoset Resin Corrosion--Resistant Tanks; and ASTM D 3299 -- Standard Specification for Filament--Wound Glass--Fiber--Reinforced Thermoset Resin Corrosion--Resistant Tanks.
(h) Listing. Tanks used for underground storage shall be listed or shall be approved by the department.
(i) Reinstallation of used tank systems. 1. Used tank systems that do not meet the standards for new tanks under par. (g) or new piping under sub. (4) may not be reinstalled for hazardous substance storage.
2. If a used tank meets the standards for new tanks under par. (g), it may be reinstalled provided it is certified by a qualified engineer for use.
(j) Compliance schedules for existing tanks. 1. All tanks within the scope of this section that were in existence or under construction before February 1, 2009, shall comply with the registration requirements in s. Comm 10.140 within 6 months after that date.
2. All tank systems within the scope of this section that were in existence or under construction before February 1, 2009, shall comply with the secondary containment requirements in sub. (5) (a) by December 31 of the fifth year after that date.
(k) Spill prevention at pumps and valves. The owner or operator shall prevent spills and leaks at all pumps and valves that control a liquid hazardous substance, by using one or more of the following methods:
1. Installation of seal--less pumps and valves, double--seal pumps and valves or equivalent technology.
2. a. Implementation of a pump and valve inspection, maintenance and repair program that complies with subd. 2. b.
b. The frequency of inspection and scope of maintenance and repair shall be based on a minimum of 5 years of actual operating and service records, manufacturer's recommendation or records for similar operations.
3. a. Installation of pumps and valves within a catchment basin, such as a drip pan, pad or secondary containment system, that complies with subd. 3. b. and c.
b. The catchment basin shall be compatible with the substance stored for a period of time that will allow for cleanup under all operating conditions.
c. The catchment basin shall be inspected each day of operation for accumulation of liquid and shall have the capacity to contain all spills likely to accumulate in the basin.
(L) Tanks subject to melting. Aboveground storage tanks constructed of a material subject to melting when exposed to fire shall be located so that any spill or leak resulting from the failure of the material could not unduly expose persons, structures or the environment.
(m) Tanks subject to scouring. 1. Storage tanks subject to scouring by the inflow of materials, or subject to wear from manual gauging shall be equipped with wear plates, diffusers or other means to prevent localized wear or corrosion.
2. If wear plates are used, they shall cover an area of at least 1 square foot and be installed in a manner that prevents crevice corrosion of the tank.
(n) Explosion protection. Tanks shall be protected from explosion in accordance with generally accepted engineering practices. Protection shall be provided by cooling systems, fire--resistance measures, depressurizing valves, foundation sloping to prevent burning liquids from accumulating under the tank, or other means determined by a qualified engineer and acceptable to the department.
(o) Protection from freezing. Tanks, piping, valves and other ancillary equipment shall be protected from physical damage by freezing.
(4) PIPING SYSTEMS. (a) General requirements. Piping systems serving hazardous substance storage tanks shall meet all of the following requirements:
1. Piping systems shall be compatible with the substance stored and be protected from failure due to internal and external wear, vibration, shock and corrosion.
2. Piping systems shall be free of leakage, structurally sound, properly supported under all operating conditions and be protected from fire, heat, vacuum and pressure that would cause the system to fail.
3. Piping systems shall be designed, installed and maintained to prevent damage from expansion, jarring, vibration, contraction and frost.
4. Piping systems shall be protected from collision damage or crushing loads by vehicles and equipment.
5. Joint compounds and gaskets shall be compatible with the substance stored.
6. Piping with pump or compressor connections shall be provided with shut--off valves located adjacent to the connections.
7. Flexible connectors, elbows, loops, expansion chambers or similar measures shall be installed to allow for movement and prevent damage from water hammer.
8. Piping systems that carry liquids which expand upon freezing shall be protected from freezing or shall have provisions to prevent rupture due to freezing.
9. Refrigerated piping systems shall be constructed of materials suitable for extreme temperatures and pressures in the storage system.
(b) National standards. Hazardous substance piping systems serving storage tanks shall be designed, constructed and installed or certified by a qualified engineer in accordance with a standard, as recognized by the department, that is developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory.
Note: Examples of recognized standards include ORD--C107.7 -- Glass--Fibre Reinforced Plastic Pipe and Fittings; and ASTM D 2996 -- Standard Specification for Filament--Wound "Fiberglass" (Glass--Fiber--Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe.
(5) SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. (a) General. 1. Tank systems used to store hazardous liquids shall be provided with secondary containment.
2. Secondary containment systems shall be designed, constructed and installed to prevent the release of regulated substances to the environment at any time during the operational life of a tank system by containing a leak or spill from the system until the leak or spill is detected and removed.
3. A building may serve as secondary containment if at least one of the following requirements is met:
a. The building is an enclosed structure resting on or above impermeable surfaces, from which a discharge of the entire contents of the largest tank would not escape through any doorway, floor drain or other means.
b. The building drains and spillways are connected to an onsite wastewater treatment facility and are designed and maintained such that any leak or spill cannot drain elsewhere.
c. The building drains and spillways are connected to a municipal wastewater treatment facility with agreement of the municipality on the specific materials stored, and drains and spillways are designed and maintained such that any leak or spill cannot drain elsewhere.
4. Secondary containment systems shall be checked for evidence of a leak or spill at least every 30 days.
5. Double--walled tanks shall be designed, constructed, and installed to contain a leak from any portion of the inner tank, and to detect a failure of the inner or outer wall.
6. Capacity requirements for secondary containment structures may be reduced by the amount of available treatment plant capacity that is directly accessible to the tank.
7. Secondary containment, including liners and vaults, shall be designed, constructed, and installed to do all of the following:
a. Contain 100 percent of the capacity of the largest tank within the containment area, except as provided in subd. 8.
b. Prevent precipitation or groundwater intrusion from interfering with the ability to contain or detect a leak or spill of a regulated substance.
c. Surround the tank completely and be capable of preventing migration of a regulated substance.
d. Use materials that are compatible with the substances stored and the environment.
e. Isolate incompatible liquids and tank materials from each other and from the environment.
8. a. Permanent containment structures that are not protected from the weather shall be designed and maintained to allow for the containment of 125 percent of the volume of the largest tank within the containment area.
b. Precipitation and debris shall be removed from the containment structure on a regular basis.
c. No precipitation, ice or debris that is noticeably contaminated may be discharged to the environment.
9. Underground piping shall be provided with secondary containment and leak detection in accordance with sub. (8).
10. a. Connections to tanks shall be located within a containment structure constructed of compatible material and capable of containing leaks from the connections.
b. The containment structure for underground tanks shall have an access way so connections can be inspected and repaired.
(b) Secondary containment systems for product transfers. Transfer of hazardous substances shall take place within a secondary containment system that meets all of the following requirements:
1. a. For facilities that are designed on or after February 1, 2009, the system shall be capable of containing leaks and spills from the largest compartment of the vehicle being loaded or unloaded, including leaks or spills from connections, couplings, vents, pumps and valves, hose failure or overturning of a container.
b. For facilities designed or installed before February 1, 2009, the system shall be capable of containing the volume of any leak or spill deemed likely to occur, in the professional judgment of a qualified engineer. Facility modifications to meet this requirement shall be completed no later than December 31 of the fifth year following February 1, 2009.
c. Open--ended fill lines shall be located within the secondary containment system.
2. a. The system shall be designed, installed, and operated to prevent any migration of hazardous substances into the soil or the waters of the state, before cleanup occurs, except as allowed in subd. 2. b.
b. The system may allow migration of the gaseous component of a spill.
3. The system shall be constructed, coated, or lined with materials that are compatible with the substances to be transferred and the environment.
4. a. Product transfers using temporary containment structures shall be constantly attended.
b. The attendant shall be familiar with emergency procedures such that the secondary containment capacity will not be exceeded in the event of a leak or spill.
5. a. Permanent containment structures shall have sufficient strength and thickness to withstand wear, hydrostatic forces, frost heaving and weathering.
b. The structure shall support any vehicle brought into the transfer area.
6. Permanent containment structures shall have a foundation that prevents failure due to settlement, compression, or uplift.
7. a. Permanent containment structures shall be designed with a manually controlled drainage system to permit the drainage of liquids resulting from leaks, spills and precipitation, such as a manually controlled pump or siphon or a manually controlled dike valve.
b. Pump, siphon and valve controls shall be located outside of the diked area.
c. All drainage systems shall be locked in a closed position when a transfer of a hazardous substance is in progress.
d. Spilled or leaked substances shall be removed from the containment system to prevent a release to the waters of the state.
(6) PRESSURE RELIEF AND VENTING. (a) General pressure relief and venting requirements. 1. a. Tanks shall be protected from over--pressurization and excessive vacuum that may be caused by operator error, filling, emptying, atmospheric temperature changes, pumping, refrigeration, heating and fire exposure.
b. Tanks subject to failure due to pressure or vacuum shall be provided with pressure control devices as determined by the qualified engineer.
c. Protection shall be provided by vents, rupture discs, pressure or vacuum relief devices, controllers, fail--safe vessel designs or other means determined by a qualified engineer.
2. If a pilot--operated relief valve is used, it shall be designed so the main valve will open automatically and will protect the tank in the event of failure of the pilot valve or other device.
3. Venting used on a tank containing a flammable or combustible hazardous substance shall follow the requirements of NFPA 30 sections 21.4.3 and 22.7.
4. Vent discharge openings shall be designed and constructed to prevent interference of operation due to precipitation.
5. Vents shall have provisions for draining any condensate that may accumulate.
6. Vents shall be protected from tampering.
7. Vents shall have direct contact with the vapor space of the tank.
8. Venting shall be sized to limit the back pressure to less than the maximum pressure allowed by the design of the system.
9. Tanks fitted with relief valves may not be equipped with an isolation valve below the relief valve unless 2 or more relief valves are provided, and isolation valves are interlocked.
10. Cooled tanks with sealed double--wall construction shall have a pressure relief valve on the outer wall in addition to a pressure relief valve or safety disk on the inner tank.
(b) Normal venting. Closed--roof atmospheric tanks and low--pressure tanks shall be equipped with normal vents designed to accommodate all of the following conditions:
1. Inbreathing resulting from maximum outflow of liquid from the tank.
2. Inbreathing resulting from contraction of vapors caused by a decrease in atmospheric temperature.
3. Out--breathing resulting from maximum inflow of liquid into the tank and maximum evaporation caused by the inflow.
4. Out--breathing resulting from expansion and evaporation that result from maximum increase in atmospheric temperature.
Note: Examples of normal venting include pilot--operated relief valves, pressure relief valves, pressure--vacuum valves, conservation vents, open vents or a combination of devices.
(c) Emergency venting. 1. Atmospheric, low--pressure and high--pressure aboveground tanks shall have emergency venting to insure that the maximum pressure for the tank is not exceeded.
2. Emergency venting shall be designed by a qualified engineer in accordance with good engineering practices.
Note: Examples of emergency venting include larger or additional open vents, pressure--vacuum valves, pressure relief valves, a gauge hatch that permits the cover to lift under abnormal internal pressure or a manhole cover that lifts when exposed to abnormal internal pressure.
(d) Labeling of pressure relief valves. 1. Where safety, pressure relief or vacuum relief valves are used, each valve shall be permanently labeled with all of the following information:
a. The name or identifying trademark of the manufacturer.
b. The manufacturer's design or type number.
c. The pipe size of the inlet.
d. The set pressure or vacuum, in pounds per square inch gauge.
e. The full open pressure or vacuum, in pounds per square inch gauge.
f. The capacity at the indicated pressure or full open vacuum, in either cubic feet of gas per minute or cubic feet of gas per hour.
2. The labeling shall be provided either on the valve itself or on a plate securely fastened to the valve.
(7) TEMPERATURE MONITORING. (a) Temperature indicators and corresponding alarms shall be provided for storage tanks where heat from a reaction could cause damage to the system or a release to the environment.
(b) Heated or cooled tanks shall be equipped with appropriate thermal controls and gauges.
(c) Protection against overheating or overcooling shall be provided for heated or cooled tanks in accordance with generally accepted engineering practices.
Note: Means of protection may include temperature controllers, insulation, alarms, cooling systems and special material selection.
(8) LEAK DETECTION FOR UNDERGROUND TANK SYSTEMS. (a) Underground storage tank systems that contain federally regulated hazardous substances shall be equipped with a leak detection system which will detect a leak in the primary containment of the tank and piping.
(b) The leak detection method shall be capable of meeting the requirements in s. Comm 10.510, except as provided in par. (c).
(c) Other methods of leak detection may be used if approval from the department is obtained before the installation and operation of the new UST system.
(9) CORROSION PROTECTION. Corrosion protection shall be provided in accordance with s. Comm 10.520 for underground storage tank systems or s. Comm 10.400 for aboveground storage tank systems.
(10) IDENTIFICATION AND LABELING. (a) Transfer points shall be labeled with the name of the substance transferred.
(b) Aboveground tanks storing hazardous substances within the scope of this section shall be identified and labeled in accordance with s. Comm 10.400 (7).
Note: Section Comm 10.400 (7) requires conformance with NFPA 704.
(c) All tanks on a property shall have a unique tank identification number that is readily visible to emergency response personnel.
(11) INSPECTIONS, CHANGES IN SERVICE, TANK CLOSURE AND RELEASES FROM A TANK. (a) Aboveground storage tanks. 1. Aboveground storage tanks shall comply with ss. Comm 10.440 to 10.470, except as provided in subd. 2.
2. Periodic inspections of aboveground tanks may be conducted in accordance with any nationally recognized standard that is more applicable to hazardous tanks than STI SP001.
Note: Aboveground storage tanks which store hazardous substances and which have a capacity of less than 5,000 gallons are exempt from this chapter unless the substance is also flammable or combustible.
Note: Sections Comm 10.440 to 10.470 address inspections; seldom--used and temporarily--out--of--service tanks; change in service to store a non--regulated substance; tank closures; tank--system site assessment; and confirming and responding to leaks, spills, overfills and releases.
(b) Underground storage tanks. Underground storage tanks shall comply with ss. Comm 10.545 to 10.585.
Note: Sections Comm 10.545 to 10.585 address seldom--used and temporarily--out--of--service tanks; change in service to store a non--regulated substance; tank system closures; conditions indicating releases; tank--system integrity assessments; tank--system site assessments; and responding to leaks, spills, overfills and releases.
(12) QUALIFICATIONS OF TANK INSTALLERS. The installation of a storage tank under this section shall be performed under the direct supervision of a qualified engineer who is competent in the engineering methods for installing hazardous substance tank systems.
(13) SECURITY AT CHEMICAL STORAGE FACILITIES. Owners and operators shall be aware of regulations, standards and operating practices that relate to facility security.
Note: Information on how to develop a comprehensive site security program is available in the API document Security Guideline for the Petroleum Industry, or the American Chemistry Council document Site Security Guidelines for the U.S. Chemical Industry.
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